There is nothing more important in the lead player’s tool box than guitar scales. Scales are road maps that unlock the secrets of the fret board, telling the player what notes to play and what notes to avoid.
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In this article, we’ll start our explanation of scales with the most basic principles, then build toward a more complex understanding of what scales are and how to use them.
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Pentatonic Guitar Scales
The first scale most guitar players learn is the minor pentatonic scale. It is one of the most commonly used scales in rock music, with a timeless bluesy sound that is favored in every genre from country to metal.
Below is a chart of the minor pentatonic scale. If you are not familiar with it, take a moment to play up and down the scale and get it under your fingers.
Remember, memorizing scales is all about visualizing and building muscle memory.
This scale can be played over any minor chord progression, just find out what key the song is in (usually the first chord of a progression, but not always), find that note on the low E string, and use that as the root (or first note) of this scale pattern.
But what do you do if the song you want to play is in a major key? You play the major pentatonic scale shown below.
These two patterns provide a great introduction for guitar players new to the world of scales.
But what if you want to start moving up and down the fret board? There are five different positions of the pentatonic scale that link together and repeat to cover the entire fret board.
You should be familiar with the first two positions, as they are the minor and major pentatonic scales.
It is helpful to think of these scales as shapes that lock together like puzzle pieces. Practice moving from one shape to another, sliding up and down to change position.
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The fourth and fifth positions should look a little familiar.
They are the little siblings of the first and second positions: minor and major pentatonic scales respectively with their root notes on the A string as opposed to the E string. Knowing where your root notes are will give you greater flexibility when playing leads using these scales.
Here are a few licks that will get you used to moving around using pentatonic scales.
Major and Minor Guitar Scales
Once you have become comfortable using the pentatonic scales, it is time to upgrade to the diatonic, or seven note, scales.
I say upgrade because it’s good to think of these scales as more complex versions of their pentatonic counterparts in which two notes are added to a five note skeleton. Take a look at the major scale and compare it to the major pentatonic scale.
Try adding and subtracting the two new notes to get comfortable with the relationship between diatonic and pentatonic. Think of it as building on a scale you already know. This same relation can be found between the minor diatonic and pentatonic scales.
Just like the pentatonic scales, there are different positions of the diatonic scale that can be used to map out the fret board.
The major and minor scales are just two of the seven different diatonic scales known as the “modes” of the major scale.
If you were to start and end the major scale on the second note of the pattern instead of the first, you would get the second mode of the major scale, known as the Dorian scale. In fact the minor scale is just a major scale that starts and ends on the 6th note.
Since there are seven different notes to start on, there are seven different modes, each with its own distinct sound and proper chordal habitat. But before we can explore them, we need to learn a little bit about music theory and how scales work.
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December 2022
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